To explore the predictors of Breast Self-Examination (BSE) behaviors of young women and to examine the potential relationships between Health Belief Model (HBM) variables, a cross-sectional study which was carried out with 300 female university students. The Structural Equation Model was used to analyze. Firstly, the theoretical framework was examined by the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Secondly, a path model was developed to identify potential associations between BSE behavior and the HBM variables based on the CFA result. Finally, a final model was created by removing the non-significant paths in the path model. The BSE behavior was significantly associated with self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility, and perceived barriers. High self-efficacy and high perceived severity were related to high perceived benefits (β= .25 and β= .35, respectively). High self-efficacy and high perceived benefits were related to low perceived barriers (β= -.13 and β= -.36, respectively). High perceived susceptibility and low self-efficacy were associated with more BSE behavior (β= .14 and β= -.17, respectively). The HBM offers a useful framework for investigating the predictors of BSE behavior. Future studies on breast cancer prevention should focus on increasing perceived benefits, increasing perceived susceptibility, reducing perceived barriers and improving self-efficacy.